Economics During the Turbulent Interwar Period

Economics During the Turbulent Interwar Period Europe Between The World Wars ChaptersThe Interwar Years Were Characterised By StruggleThe Interwar Economy of the United StatesGermany's Economy in the Interwar PeriodEconomics of The United Kingdom Between the WarsThe Interwar Period From An Economist’s Point Of ViewBetween 1919 and 1938, Europe, as well as other countries across the world, experienced a period of relative peace and stability, politically speaking.This came after the horrors of the First World War, which had a variety of short- and long-term causes, although the assassination of Archduke  Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914 is generally considered to have been one of the more immediate triggers.Although the First World War lasted a little longer than  four  years, when the war did finally end, after years of armed conflict and occupation, the time came for countries to rebuild.From an economic point of view, this interwar period between the First World War and the Second World War was not particularly smooth sailing. Although European economi es did have periods of brief stability during this twenty year period, stability has to be considered against a backdrop of intense loss, both emotionally, physically, and financially, coupled with a rise in nationalism in Germany during the 1930s.Many European countries, including France, Belgium and Germanyhad been torn apart by fighting, meaning that many towns, cities, and communities needed to be rebuilt. This, on top of the fact that many millions had lost their lives or had become casualties of war, left workforces sparse, and nations suffered as a result.Finally, there’s the fact that the sheer cost of the war was extraordinary, and decimated the reserves of more than one country.Easy credit terms, along with a plethora of goods for purchase stimulated the American economy. In this time of prosperity, the American government, with a newfound sense of magnanimity, eased the burden of Germany's repayment obligations, first through the Dawes' Plan; later under the Young Plan. The Dawes' PlanDue to their inability to make their second reparations payment to France, Germany lost access to its most fertile industrial area, the Ruhr region. Their inability to make use of the installations in that region formerly theirs was unfairly crippling their ability to rebuild their own economy. That, in turn, led to them taking punishing measures to repay their war damages to other nations.Whereas initially, German banks were conducting elaborate financial manoeuvers to meet their obligations, it soon became apparent that the system was a house of cards, destined to fall. All of the allied nations - Britain, France and the US knew something must be done to stave off another flavour of German disaster.The Dawes Committee, so named because it was chaired by American banker Charles Dawes, drafted a plan that would give Germany more leeway to rebuild both its country and economy while still meeting its obligation to repay for the war.Allied troops would clear out of the R uhr area, permitting German manufacture to begin once againThe Central Bank (Reichsbank) would be reorganised under the supervision of AlliesGermany would be made a loan of around $200 million, most of it from Wall Street bonds, to get things startedA portion of revenues derived from transportation, taxation and customs fees would be earmarked for reparations paymentsGermany would be held liable for 1 billion Marks repayment the first year, that amount increasing in subsequent years to a total of 2.5 billion Marks within five years.Now with liquid assets to pay France and Great Britain, and with industry once again humming along, Germany soon joined America and France in celebrating the Roaring Twenties.In accordance with the Treaty of Versailles, the U.S.A. was to be repaid for their war loans in dollars and gold. Germany found clever but ultimately damaging ways to meet that burden. France, relying on Germany to pay their debts, ended up unable to repay their obligation due to Ger many's default.This created additional strain on the Western European economies, who then found themselves borrowing from other nations to make the payments, leading America to further eased reparation obligations for Germany through the Young Plan.The Young Plan expected Germany to default on around two-thirds of its obligation to American banks and so, wrote the plan in such a way that only one-third of the total debt must be met unconditionally. The plan further relaxed repayment terms, making it easier than ever for Germany to comply.It's better to get a little than get nothing at all.So   was the prevailing attitude in American government and on Wall Street and, with an influx of money and through their increasingly protectionist policies, the U.S.A. enjoyed a period of relative stability and economic growth during the mid-1920s, which in turn led to an increase in world trade as well as speculative trading.Nevertheless, this period of stability was not to last, and in 1929 the Wall Street Crash occurred, which sent the U.S.A., as well as Europe, into a deep economic depression.  It was against this backdrop of economic turmoil that extremist parties, including the Nazi and Communist parties in Germany, gained greater popularity.No German felt the humiliation of the Versailles Treaty more than Adolf Hitler, who fomented unrest and sought to overthrow the existing government even as the economy hummed along. He would later be appointed as German Chancellor, rewrite the laws so that they would permit him absolute power and ultimately, start  World War Two in 1939  by invading Poland.Following the Treaty of Versailles, western Europe's borders were redrawn Source: Pixabay Credit HansGermany printed yet more banknotes to meet that demand.The cost of a loaf of bread is often used as an example of the extreme hyperinflation that Germany experienced during the interwar period. (Source: CC BY 2.0, Jeff Keacher, Flickr)For some  context of how extreme Germany’s hyperinflation was...Imagine going into a supermarket to buy a loaf of bread. The price of that loaf when you first entered the supermarket hovered around £90 but then, as you shopped, it doubled or tripled in price. By the time you finished your shop, that loaf of bread will cost you 82 times as much as it had when you first entered the shop!In an effort to avert an economic meltdown, American investment banker J.P. Morgan organised a series of reparations conferences in June 1922. These meetings yielded no satisfactory results and the Mark devalued even further - now it took 7,400 Marks to buy one dollar.Germany asked for a moratorium on reparations payments at various times. Amendments to the payment terms were granted through the Dawes Plan and, later, the  Young Plan but these changes did not provide for a long-term solution.Through these two initiatives and, most importantly, the restoration of the Ruhr industrial zone - one of the terms of the Dawes Plan, the German economy recovered enough to enjoy what they called Die Goldene Zwanzige - The Golden Twenties, their version of the Roaring Twenties.Although Germany’s economic situation was nearly untenable at the beginning, when the Great Depression hit Europe in the early 1930s, they were economically sound enough to weather it with minimal damage.Economics of The United Kingdom Between the WarsThe U.K. had its own set of struggles during the interwar period, due to the fact that, like their European Allies, a huge amount of the country’s wealth had been spent in order to finance the First World War.Taxation was the primary indicator of this economic shift: prior to the war, a wealthy man might pay up to 8% of his income in taxes; after the war that percentage jumped to more than four times that amount - around 33%.In spite of wealthy citizens' higher tax burden replenishing state coffers, the following four factors  made for a lackluster economy in Great Britain:The labour shift away from coal and steel production meant that more people were unemployed and relying on the dole to see them through.Approximately 5% of the national revenue went to support families during periods of no work.Our country's resistance to modern methods of business and industry such as assembly line work, consumer credit and eliminating surplus goods served to further weigh our economy down.The shipping industry, once dominant in world trade, failed to turn a profit since the war despite several stimulus packages.Winston Churchill, at that time Chancellor of the Exchequer, put the country back on the gold standard - a move criticised by many economists as keeping the economy down.By the mid-1920s, the British economy had at least stabilised, even though revenues were rather slim and unemployment was still rampant, especially in the industrial north and in Wales, where mining was a main source of employment.This caused a political shift rather than an economic one. the Liberal party collapsed, bringing the Labour Party to the forefront as contenders against the Conservative Party.  As Labour represented (and still represent) trade unionists, much was done to protect the rights and benefits of workers during that time. However, in spite of their best efforts, Scotland and Northwest England still suffered long periods of economic uncertainty and hardship.Because Britain's actual financial cost of the war was relatively low - it suffered more economic stress because of disability and death, our country only reluctantly supported the Treaty of Versailles.As mentioned before, our chief economist, John Keynes, felt that the treaty was far too harsh on Germany and would, in fact, prevent that country's economic recovery.With America financing Germany's repayments for war damages, Britain was guaranteed her share of the monies which she used, in turn, to repay her debt to America.Looking ahead, our country's leaders hoped to forge trade relations with Germany once that country was restor ed, but hopes of bringing Germany onto the global economic stage as an equal partner through various trade deals soon were dashed.The horrors of war were still fresh in everyone's mind. The great powers - America, Britain and France believed that strong alliances would serve as a deterrent to war.In their efforts to prevent another worldwide conflict, they also sought to limit, among other instruments of war, naval might and weaponry. Furthermore, these allies sought peace with Germany through a series of treaties negotiated at Locarno, in Switzerland.Through such cooperation, forethought and rigorous planning, the United Kingdom weathered the global economic depression fairly well.  We had just time enough to enjoy our bit of the Roaring Twenties before the global economy crashed, but even that event did not impact us so severely.During this time, our country's trouble was more political. The Chanak Crisis nearly set us to war with Turkey but, in the end, even that conflict was ave rted, albeit narrowly.What really rattled British sabres was the rise to power of Adolf Hitler. The uncertainty of another possible war with Germany, coupled by the death of our beloved King and the abdication of his son, who soon made highly publicised appearances in Nazi Germany... that's what put our country in turmoil!  The Great Depression hit during the interwar years. (Source: CC0 1.0, geralt, Pixabay)The Interwar Period From An Economist’s Point Of ViewThe interwar period is a fascinating one, both from a historical and economic perspective.Although the period only spans around twenty years, the world as a whole saw tremendous shifts during that time.While one of the most famous results of the interwar period â€" namely, the rise of Hitler and the Nazi Party â€" is well known, it’s equally true that other countries faced their own political and economic struggles during this period, as countries tried to move on from the horrors of the First World War and rebuild their n ations and economies.This attempt to rebuild peace was ultimately shattered with the start of the Second World War.Historians have pointed out the short- and long-term causes of World War Two. One of the most prominent factors was the long-simmering German resentment over what they saw as the subjugating terms in the Treaty of Versailles. To reassert its might, under orders from the Führer, German troops marched on relatively defenceless Poland in September 1939, leading Britain and France to jointly declare war on Germany.The start of World War Two undid all the work that had been made to encourage a lasting global peace, including the work of the League of Nations, which was founded in 1920.Oddly enough, the interwar period is not always a primary focus of economics courses, whether at school or university. Although an  emphasis is placed on areas such as macro- and microeconomics, economic history does have a tendency to fall by the wayside.However, economic history can be very satisfying, not to mention enlightening, area of economics to study. So, if you’re offered the chance to take a module covering economic history, it is well worth studying it.If such a course is not offered as a part of your curriculum syllabus, you might see if such is offered as an online course, as a massive open online course (MOOC).Economic history classes can cover all sorts of historical economic events, including:The Industrial Revolution;The interwar period and the Great Depression;The workings of ancient economies; andThe 2008 financial crisis.If you’d like to study or learn more about economic history, then you can also reach out to an economics teacher on Superprof for help. Superprof has economics tutors with specialisms and interests across a wide range of economics subjects, so you should be able to find a tutor that specialises in economic history at a price point that suits your budget.By entering your subject preference and postcode, you can be matched with tut ors in your area. However, online sessions with a Superprof tutor are also an option for anyone who would prefer to study remotely.Read more about the Roman Empire economy.Read more about the post-war boom.Read more about behavioural finance.

Find Art Classes In Edinburgh

Find Art Classes In Edinburgh Art Classes In Edinburgh Chapters3 Reason To Take Art ClassesThe Edinburgh Art ClubThe Edinburgh Drawing SchoolArt Design Classes At The University Of EdinburghSara Beevers Art ClassesThe Edinburgh City WorkshopHire A Private Tutor On SuperprofIf you live in Scotland and want to start learning more about arts and learn how to draw or paint or sculpt, then Edinburgh is a good place to be.There are dozens of studios and galleries and schools offering fantastic art workshops and courses.Hen dos, birthday parties, team building workshops or just an excuse to get together and  try something different, creative and fun!Either for children or adults. The Art Club can provide coffee or wine for the occasion if required.For those that have more of a sense of adventure and enjoy being inspired by their travel and exploring new places, the Art Club Adventure of Art holidays in  Morocco and France will give you all you require for a beautiful experience.Fancy accommodation, breathtaking landscapes, delicious eating in sunnier climes will help you unwind and awaken your senses. With tutored photography and sketching workshops, you can capture your adventure in your truely unique way.Read our other posts about finding art classes in other UK cities such as; London, Glasgow, Manchester, Leeds and Birmingham.The Edinburgh Drawing SchoolThe Edinburgh Drawing School is a small, privately run drawing and painting teaching studio based in the beautiful city of Edinburgh. They have three different studios in two locations in the city-centre: one in Thistle Street Lane, and two more on Great King Street. ? Established in 2012, they pride themselves on their fantastic group of tutors, all practising artists, who have built the school's reputation over the years as fun yet a challenging environment for all levels of artists, including the completely terrified novices, to learn all aspects of drawing and painting and more.As well as the full range of adults courses, they run children's classes for ages eight years + and advanced kids classes for ages 12 years +They have a full timetable of classes each year - with three annual terms as well as an incredible Summer School during the month of July.This painting is of a heroic woman called Judith, by Artemisia Gentileschi. Photo Source: UnsplashThe University of Edinburgh is also a great place to practice your art or start to learn about it.They offer a wide range of daytime and evening art and compact design classes.Classical Art, Traditional PracticesThis Traditional Art Practice class focuses on the basis of classic art using the human form to improve observational skills and manual dexterity, as seen in the most famous classical painting and sculpture. The aim of this class is to make an in-depth visual investigation of the subject, improving both drawing and modelling skills. This is an opportunity to benefit from the experience of an artistic exploration of the relationship between two and three-dimensions.Explorations in Watercolour , Gouache and InkThis two-day workshop introduces working with watercolours, gouache and inks as expressive and descriptive mediums. From ‘point of reference’, working on location and studio work; students will gain knowledge of these materials, from using them independently of each other to exploring the subtleties of fusing them together.Street PhotographyThis other course of the University of Edinburgh in an introduction to street photography, It will engage students through some practical exercises and contextual view points of contemporary and historical street photography, and introduce learners to different trends and styles.The teaching approach will be instructional, practical, reflective as well collaborative and is aimed at engaging the students to be investigative and experimental.This workshop is organised around class-based lectures, short supported workshops on specific locations, working to a specific brief and support to select, edit and present a finalised proj ect.During the on-location exercises, the course will allow the students to use and develop their skills in-camera techniques, light, and capturing ‘on-the fly moments’ on the street. Back in the computer room, guided demonstrations and introduction in the editing process will be explained with Adobe Photoshop.Although this is a non-credit course, students will have the chance to experience the practical bits and bobs of street photo as well as learning the context and meaning of images.Photos will be made on location through a walking field trip around the city of Edinburgh and walking for a few miles over 3 hours. The end work will be digitally ‘processed’ in a computer lab equipped with software such as Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Bridge.Find an art tutor on Superprof.Learn to paint by starting to take art classes.Sara Beevers Art ClassesAll of Sara Beevers classes have a mixture of intriguing subjects including Life, Draped life, Dancer, Portrait sketching, Still life art, Colour, Architecture and Technical Methods. Some early day classes take place on location in Edinburgh. All aspects of drawing are approached, including measuring, tones, lights shading and proportions. All categories have a short demonstration before tackling the subject for yourself.As well as running her own classes, Beevers have taught one-on-one and in groups for a variety of organisations, including art societies clubs, galleries and corporate events.One-day Weekend Art WorkshopsThis course is inspired by the variety of the beautiful greenery of Dr Neil's garden, where you will draw and use pastels or any other media you may bring along. The group will be ready for all weather conditions with sheltered, shady and wind-free locations, all with excellent views.If the weather is overast, the greenhouse and high walls protect the class from wind and rain. A cushion in a plastic bag is convenient, so you can sit anywhere or a folding chair.All-day Life ClassesAn all-day life clas s, the day class allows everyone to produce a more complete piece either in pencil or colour. All levels are welcome. But make sure to bring along plenty of paper, A2 sketch pad, 2B, 4B and 6B pencils for the warm-up quick poses and erasers are always handy.Beevers is always happy to teach different media and have watercolours and pastels or other paint to use in the class.Arrival 15 to 20 mins before is recommended to allow time to set up.The Edinburgh City WorkshopWhatever your interests are, the Edinburgh City Workshop have classes covering a wide range of arts and crafts.So, whether you are looking for an enjoyable way to spend time with friends or you want to know more about a new technique, the Workshop has an option for you. Situated just minutes from Princes Street and with courses to suit every ages, abilities and skill, including children’s classes, you’ll find the course you want.Their teachers have post-graduate teaching certifications, and they keep their classes nu mbers small to ensure that the teaching is suited to meet your needs. Their educators are experienced and highly knowledgeable; creating a fun, engaging and enjoyable learning experience.They believe that  everyone  can create and practice art, and their classes will give you the self-confidence to make your own individual art and craft pieces.There are many reasons to learn an artistic skill; whether you want to study classic skills or take off some of the pressures of life, they offer the perfect environment to try something different and original. There is nothing better than coming up with your own piece of art or craft, whether, for your own home or a gift for a loved one, you can proudly say 'I made that'!Hire A Private Tutor On SuperprofIf you would prefer to learn art skills in a more private setting, the perfect solution would be to hire a private art teacher. Either meeting at their studio or at your home, this one on one sessions will be the perfect environment to quickly pick up some great painting or drawing skills or to perfect what you may have previously learned.Check out more art classes in the UK:Art classes in CardiffArt classes in Belfast

How to Teach ICT

How to Teach ICT How do You Become an IT Teacher or Find IT Tutor Jobs Chapters How Can You Find Students for Computer Science Classes? What Price Should You Charge for IT Lessons? Do You Need Qualifications to Teach IT Courses? How to Prepare your IT Classes?With computer technology becoming a bigger and bigger part of our everyday lives, it’s hardly surprising that more and more jobs that make use of the computer as a productivity tool and everyone should at least learn some basic computer skills like using Microsoft Office or improving their typing.A lot of people want to learn more about computers and improve their digital literacy but don't want to take group computer classes.Are you an IT technician, programmer, student, or instructor? Would you like to give IT or computing classes?Whether it’s to earn a little extra money each month or as your main job, deciding to teach computer basics or advanced computer training can leave you asking yourself a lot of fundamental questions about teaching.To help you in this endeavour, here are some of the things you should keep in mind when starting out on private IT tutor jobs and teaching computer courses.If you want to teach computer tutorials, the first thing you need to do is start searching for students. You’ll need to let people know that you’re a private tutor and start networking.There’s a lot of demand for tutors since IT tools are everywhere nowadays and children in the UK learn to use computer hardware as part of the national curriculum. Make sure your computer skills are up to the challenge.You’ll quickly find your first students. From students to seniors and amateurs to professionals, there are plenty of people who want to learn how to use computers and, since computers are constantly evolving, there’s constantly demand.Where should you start when looking for students? (pixabay.com)To find your first students, there are a few options for you:Word of mouth: this is an easy solution that’s often very effective. Speak to your friends, family, and work colleague s. They can give your details to people in their network and tell them that you’re giving private IT tutorials. Later on, your own students will recommend you to their friends and family. It’s important to make sure that they’re happy with their tutorials and that you offer quality tutorials.Advertise in local businesses: this is another way to make people aware that you’re offering tutorials, place adverts in local businesses and on noticeboards. What are the advantages? You’ll find students who live near you or are easy to travel to. You should make clear and readable adverts with important information such as what you do and how you can be contacted.Sites dedicated to private tutorials like Superprof:  in just a few clicks, you can create your profile and let the internet know that you’re ready to teach. You'll benefit from increased visibility and you can reach a large audience of potential students. You can also choose your rates and the content of your tutorials. O n Superprof, for example, there’s no fees for contacting students.Specialist organisations for private tutorials:  you don’t have to look for your students. These organisations will ask for you when they need a tutor to give private IT tutorials. On the other hand, they often take commission on your private tutorials.Make your own website: Is making websites also what you teach? You could create a site dedicated to your work as a private tutor on WordPress. Either a web page or a blog could help you attract potential customers.As you can see, there are plenty of different ways to find new students.Don’t forget that you can choose more than one method at the same time to increase your chances of finding students. What Price Should You Charge for IT Lessons?The second thing you need to do when starting as a private IT tutor is work out your rates.This is an important criterion when students choose a tutor. However, it’s certainly not the only one. When they start looking for a tutor, they’ll compare several different tutors before they end up making their choice. When there are several identical offerings, they’ll often use the price to determine which one they’ll choose.Before you decide upon your rates, you should look at your competition to see what the going rates for private IT tutorials are for those with your experience and in your area. A good price doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s low. You want to look credible to your future students.So what are the criteria that you should consider when setting the rates for your private IT tutorials?The type of tutorials: beginners classes, browsing the internet, studying for exams, programming languages, app development, cyber security, or office IT skills like creating an Excel spreadsheet or making Microsoft Powerpoint presentations, etc. The type of classes you’re offering will determine your rates as they don’t all require the same amount of experience or preparation.The competition: as w e said before, you need to be competitive. You should look at the other tutors your customers will look at when choosing you and make sure that your rates are competitive.Place: maybe you’re going to give an introduction to computers over the internet or help those new to desktop computers a face-to-face tutorial. It's important to make sure that your rates are reflective of the cost of living and comparable to the rates of other tutors in the area.The students: you can’t ask for the same rates from a senior citizen learning how to use a computer as you would for someone learning complex programming languages.Your CV: your rates will vary depending on your qualifications and your experience in the field. The more qualified and experienced you are, the more you can ask for. You wouldn't pay the same for self-taught tutor teaching you how to use your computer as you would an IT technician with all the relevant qualifications and years of experience.Before you fix the rates for you r tutorials, have a look around and do a bit of research on sites like Superprof. You’ll quickly see what the average rates are and you’ll be able to find a fair rate for your tutorials.You should also keep in mind your expenses when providing private tutorials (materials, travel, etc.). Remember that in order to make sure your tutorials last, your rates need to be profitable as well as affordable for your customers. Do You Need Qualifications to Teach IT Courses?You don’t need a formal qualification to give private IT tutorials. At least not legally speaking.  However, not having a certification will make it harder to prove to potential customers that you have the skills you say you do when you first introduce yourself.Everyone nowadays needs to know how to use computers. (pixabay.com)Of course, tutorials on computer basics require fewer qualifications than advanced computer training and you probably won't even need a degree in IT to teach certain basic skills and computer li teracy to beginners.  Professional experience can help, though. You need to reassure your future students that you’re capable of teaching a personal computer class effectively. Don’t forget that your professional experience can affect how much you can charge for tutorials, too. It’s therefore important that if you want to teach private IT tutorials as your main job, you should probably have official proof that you can do just that:This doesn’t mean that you need to do a degree. There are other qualifications available.You should consider teaching qualifications, too. It’s pretty pointless having plenty of experience in IT but not the skills to transfer all this knowledge. A good tutor needs to be a good educator. There are private tutorials available in teacher training if you need to improve your teaching skills.Etc.If you don’t have a qualification, there’s nothing stopping you getting a job as a tutor. There are training centres and academic support organisations th at hire a wide range of different employees. You’ll have to prove yourself, but if you have the experience, it’s definitely a route you should consider going down. You could even open your own training centre.  Of course, before you do anything, you should make sure you do your research. How to Prepare your IT Classes?Before you give your first private tutorials, you’ll need to prepare them.  Not only do you need to have a good understanding of your student’s level, their expectations, and their needs, but you also need to make sure that they have the equipment required.It’s important that your students get the most out of every hour they spend with you.Before giving IT tutorials, it's important to check your students have the essential equipment. (Source: negativespace.co)Here is what you need to think about when preparing your IT tutorials:The IT materials: a computer as well as specific programmes related to the tutorials you’re teaching (spreadsheets, word processing , database management, etc.) You should offer to help your students install the programmes they’ll need.The content of the tutorials: organise your tutorials so that they focus on a given point and consolidate it before moving on to other topics.The resources needed: make sure you prepare resources that will help your student remember what you’re teaching them so that you won’t have to go back over it during their next lesson.Practical exercises: in IT, it’s very easy to learn by doing. This is the best way to learn, in fact. Prepare exercises that will have your student putting what they learn into practice.When you prepare your private tutorials, you should also look for teaching resources that you can download. You can integrate these into your tutorials so that your student gets the most out of their lessons. Preparing lessons takes a lot of time in comparison to group lessons but that’s why students pick private tutorials, because they’re tailored to them.If you wan t to give private tutorials online over Skype, for example, you should also invest in a quality dedicated webcam and microphone. The webcam built into your laptop probably won't cut it.Online tutorials over webcam are a useful solution for those who can’t travel very far or who’d like to reach students across a wider area.By following this advice, you’ll quickly become a trusted and quality private tutor: you just need to choose the types of courses you want to provide and find your first students. You should consider offering free computer instruction for the first hour so that you and the learner can get to know each other.

Think Self-Promotion Feels Sleazy I Did Too, Until I Discovered This... - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Think Self-Promotion Feels Sleazy I Did Too, Until I Discovered This... - Introvert Whisperer Think Self-Promotion Feels Sleazy? I Did Too, Until I Discovered This When you mention self-promotion to most Introverts, visions of obnoxious, loudmouth blowhards dance through their heads. You know what I’m talking about, don’t you? I know, I used to think that way as well. Those people are usually hard to ignore. Yet while those people will continue to annoy us, you need to know a very important fact that I discovered coming up through the ranks. That fact? Authentic, superb self-promotion happens all the time, and you usually don’t notice it. Yes, that’s right. The best self-promotion isn’t the sleazy, icky stuff you notice. I don’t even know what to call that. (Bragging? Air sandwich?) The best self-promotion has several characteristics to it, and once you understand those, you can advance your professional cause without needing to take a shower. Here’s what the very best self-promotion is all about: It’s fact-based information. You don’t stand around and extol your many virtues. You’re providing hardcore information. Wording is important. When you lace your talk with too many “me” words, you’re bragging. Focus on the team or the task. (Doesn’t this start making all sorts of sense now?) Focus on your audience. What do the people out there in your universe want or need to know about your accomplishments? Being smart about what you say and whom you say it to is a key to authentic self-promotion. You’re performing a service. Part of your job is to communicate. That means you do need to be providing information to others about what and how you are doing. It helps others. Exploit your expertise. We all are rock stars at something. Let it be known and reinforce it by using it generously to support others. (Click here to tweet this thought.) Don’t make the boss pull information out of you. Because they won’t. You need to be forthcoming with your accomplishments on an ongoing basis. How else will they figure out what you’re doing? No, your great work won’t speak for itself. I hear this way too often. You have to let others know what great work you do so they know and benefit from it. Don’t make your career growth any tougher than it needs to be. You have to promote yourself throughout your entire career, and you can do it just like I did it makes a huge difference. Let me emphasize that Self-Promotion doesn’t have to be obnoxious to be effective. But, if you don’t Self-Promote you, who will? If you ever want to get ahead, you have to learn how to Self-Promote. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my video that shows you simple, yet effective ways to Self-Promote. Start watching now: CLICK HERE Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleash your professional potential. What else about self-promotion bothers you? Share your thoughts in the comments! Image: Flickr

Avail Added Advantages While Cracking Exams with Online Statistics Tutor

Avail Added Advantages While Cracking Exams with Online Statistics Tutor 0SHARESShare With rapidly increasing reach of the internet, life on all fronts has got easier and simpler. Needless to say, internet has drastically changed the ways people have been getting and imparting education. Today, utilizing the online tutoring advantages, any student who is in need of an online statistics tutor can get it without moving out of his or her house. A very discouraging aspect of the classroom teaching is that one can’t dare to change or rewind his or her tutor while losing the right and effective way. So many times, it is also observed that suffering students can’t raise their voice against the way they have been teaching with. It may be due to their shyness or fear from their traditional teachers. As a result, the whole situation becomes highly embarrassing for the budding minds. This situation can be overcome by having an access to the personalized online statistics tutor. There are online tutor bureaus available on the internet that offer experienced tutors who can help you gain a control on your own pace of learning. One of the significant advantages of online tutoring lies in stopping and rewinding the teacher if students are not finding themselves unable to understand the things they are being explained. One more amazing thing about getting an statistics assignment help  is that the tutor never gets frustrated at any step during the entire process. Therefore, it is both advisable and recommendable to go for an online tutor and learning statistics with a whole new approach. Online tutoring is not only confined to the convenience, comfort and affordability, its utility goes far beyond that. The interactive learning sessions, one-on-one attention, limitless opportunities for revision and freedom from group tutoring are some of the added advantages that students can avail of. [starbox id=admin]

Making the Most of School

Making the Most of School School is obviously a place for learning, but the experience is so much more than just classes and books. Through school, children learn about how to become independent people, how to work with others, the importance of discipline and more. In many ways, school is what your child makes of itand the more effort he or she puts in, the more equipped your child will be for college and life success. Here are several ways your child can make the most of school and the overall experience: Get to know teachers. It may sound obvious, but both you and your child should spend time getting to know his or her teachers. They are your first point of contact at school and the people to turn to when needing help or guidance. Reach out to these individuals early in the school year and stay in touchand encourage your child to do the same. A positive, communicative relationship with your childs teachers will provide your child with the support needed to learn effectively. Take advantage of the wealth of resources available. When your child is young, make sure you are in contact with the appropriate school staff members who can help your child acquire needed skills and stay engaged in the classroom. These people might include the librarian, gifted/talented specialist or reading specialist. As your child grows older, encourage him or her to take the initiative to seek out help when needed. Your child should always talk to teachers when questions or problems arise, as they can work with your child individually and make sure his or her needs are being met. Look for character-building opportunities. Getting involved at school will benefit your child in numerous ways. Extracurricular activities are not only a wonderful way for children to get to know other students and have fun, they promote leadership skills, build organizational and time management skills, teach collaboration with all different types of people and teach children to balance multiple responsibilities outside of school. Seek out a mentor. When your child is in high school, encourage him or her to find a teacher or coach who can serve as an informal mentor. Mentors can play an important role in a students support system in high school and can serve as a sounding board and confidant. They can help students navigate challenges and set goals, push them to advocate for themselves, and even offer college and career advice. Keep college and career top of mind. It is never too soon to start thinking about collegeand your childs primary and secondary school experiences lay the foundation for college and adulthood. Talk with your child about college from a young age and discuss different careers that might be of interest one day. Your child should talk with teachers and mentors about college and careers as well. Dont forget to take advantage of any opportunities offered by your school or community for students to learn about college and the application process or explore careers. A well-rounded school experience should include more than just the academics, so teach your child to make the most of school by utilizing resources available, seeking out help when needed, building relationships with teachers and others, and getting involved. As a bonus, youll find that by teaching your child to look for ways to enhance the school experience, you are encouraging independence, maturity, and self-advocacy. Teach your child today to make the most of school, and he or she will undoubtedly apply that same assiduous attitude in college and beyond.

GMAT Quant 101 Basic Facts Concepts to Remember

GMAT Quant 101 Basic Facts Concepts to Remember GMAT MBA Admissions Blog In our GMAT tutoring sessions, we constantly remind students that the GMAT is not a math test. Although there are some rules you need to know, doing well requires that you think in a structured yet flexible way and approach each question as a problem that needs to be solved strategically and creatively. Rote memorization of facts and formulas is not the answer. Building critical thinking skills is the path to a 700+ GMAT score. All that said, you will need to memorize some mathematics information before test day. This primer introduces some of those important facts. Set the right mental context for what you’ll need to memorize. It’s important to remember that you will not have a calculator on the GMAT; it will be necessary to memorize a few mathematical equations and rules. Many people feel most overwhelmed with the Quantitative material on the GMAT, but you won’t encounter anything beyond topics you learned in high school. All it takes to master this section is enough dedication to recall and then retain information that you’ve most likely already learned in the past, combined with enough practice in applying these concepts to seemingly very tricky problems using lots of critical thinking, problem solving, and process of elimination. Draw your shapes. There is a fair amount of geometry on the GMAT. You should be prepared to remember facts about various shapes. Draw the shapes when you can â€" visual cuesare easier for your brain to process and remember. Take triangles as an example. You have to remember many equations and rules for different types of triangles (Pythagorean theorem, interior and exterior angles, area, etc.). It can be helpful to list these and draw them as well. Actually draw a right triangle, label the sides (a, b, c) and fill in the fixed angle amounts. Go through the same process for angles, quadrilaterals, circles, angles, and uniform solids. Recall your high school algebra equations. You’ll need to know various math rules and formulas to perform well on the GMAT. Again, these should look familiar from the math classes you took in high school. For example, how many of the bullets below are familiar to you? Order of operations FOIL (first, outside, inside, last) when multiple two binomials (i.e., (a +b ) (c + d) exponent rules radical rules Slope of a line, or y = mx + b MBA Crystal Ball has a great article covering most of the algebra formulas you’ll need to master in the GMATquant section. Here are some other helpful GMAT quant issues to remember. Memorize the answer order for data sufficiency questions. The answers are the same for every question, so the GMAT doesn’t write them out for you. You’ll save lots of time if you’re able to memorize and quickly recall what A, B, C, D, and E represent: (A) statement 1 alone is sufficient, but statement 2 alone is not sufficient to answer the question (B) statement 2 alone is sufficient, but statement 1 alone is not sufficient to answer the question (C) both statements taken together are sufficient to answer the question, but neither statement alone is sufficient (D) each statement alone is sufficient (E) statements 1 and 2 together are not sufficient, and additional data is needed to answer the question In situations where all answer choices are numerical, it can be helpful to backsolve(plugging the answers into the question). Start with C, usually the median number, and use it in the equation. This is an easy way to eliminate answers quickly. QS Top MBA wrote a nice article summarizing most of what you need to understand to master GMAT data sufficiencyquestions. Use mental math as often as you can. If a question uses decimals, (3.2, 4.8, round up to whole numbers to make quick calculations in your head). If you are asked to multiply something by 20% or 30% or 40%, first multiply it by 10% (something most of us can do quickly), and then multiply the result by 2 or 3 or 4. Mental math is all about breaking something that seems complicated on its own into easier steps in your head. Time management is critical on the GMAT. Taking even an extra 30 seconds to manually work out a problem that can be completed using mental math wastes precious time. It also increases the possibility that you might make a calculation error. Mental math also has a way of improving your more general math skills. As explained in this article on mental mathby Shelley Gray, a math teacher, it forces you to understand instead of memorize as well as follow a logical thought process. Both of these factors will help you build your GMAT math skills more generally. Final Thoughts The GMAT tests your ability to think strategically. As in business more generally, you are asked to take what you know and apply it to a given situation to choose the best alternative.This article was intended to provide a high level overview of the math and quantitative reasoning related GMAT topics you’ll need to know to do that, but it’s critical to keep in mind that practicing actual GMAT problem under timed conditions and learning from your mistakes is what will lead to GMAT success. For more information on GMAT tutoring and our GMAT tutors, click here. For an introduction to available online options, visit our online GMAT page. Also, if you think you may be interested in one of our free GMAT skills webinars, where you'll be introduced to the online tutoring process, major GMAT concepts, and our Director of Online Tutoring will answer specific questions from attendees, click here for more information on how to sign up.

Why international schools are demanding digitally literate teachers

Why international schools are demanding digitally literate teachers The role of the international teacher in the 21st-century classroom is quickly evolving. If you’re an international teacher looking to stay ahead of the curve, you need to have a game plan up your sleeve. And there’s no better time than this summer to seek out professional development options to help you brush up on your teaching skills, specifically in the biggest area of growth in international education: digital literacy. Why digital literacy? A recent survey, carried out by the International Education Research Panel (a research collaboration between ISC Research and C3 Education), of more than 800 international schools around the world, indicates that the international schools worldwide are poised to make considerable investments in digital learning over the coming years. Here’s a quick recap of the IERP survey findings: 41% of international schools currently use digital resources in the classroom. A little under two thirds of international schools say they are likely to source and purchase new digital tools and technologies over the coming year. 59% of international schools believe that incorporating digital tools and technologies into their classrooms will help raise quality standards. So far, this all sounds promising, but while it’s undoubtedly an exciting time to be working in international education, the study did identify a key stumbling block on the road to this new digital future. What was the main barrier to technology use in classrooms, according to schools who took part in the survey? Right now, there is insufficient training in place for teachers looking to leverage digital technologies to enhance their teaching practice for the 21st century classroom. The growth of international schools is, quite simply, staggering, Right now, an estimated 4.5 million students are being educated at international schools. And according to ISC Research, demand is set to rise even further - the number of international schools is set to double to more than 16,000 schools and 8.75 million students worldwide. What does this mean for teachers looking to work internationally? It means a booming job market for qualified, internationally-minded educators - particularly those from the US, who are typically in high demand globally. However, experts, like Dr. Detra-Price Dennis from Teachers College, Columbia University, have pointed out the fact that many US teacher preparation programs continue to fall short when it comes to preparing teachers for the realities of the 21st century classroom. As a result, under-trained teachers entering the international classroom for the first time often struggle to figure out how to teach effectively using digital technologies. And without adequate training, international teachers cannot create a learning environment that truly supports students in a way that fully prepares them for the digital world that awaits them. Digital literacy - it’s not just for students Digital skills are skills required for learning, work and for life in general. Without first becoming digitally literate, students who receive an international education will have little chance of benefiting from the advances in technology that are profoundly reshaping the workplace and the way they live their lives. While digital learning is essential for international students, it is also vital for teachers working in the field. Digital tools and technologies, when used effectively, can allow international teachers to create curriculum and lesson plans in ways that can deepen student learning. International educators must work proactively in order to keep pace with the best practices in digital literacies and learning if they are to adequately prepare their students for success in the digital age. How digital learning will shape the future of international education Leaders in education worldwide recognize that besides having a transformative impact on society in general, technology also holds huge potential when it comes to promoting better student learning and preparing students for life after school. In an attempt to keep pace with the demands of an increasingly digital world, international schools are making a big push towards technology-driven learning. At more and more international schools, technology usage is being integrated into the curriculum at various levels. Schools are investing considerable resources in digital tools and technologies in the classroom, whether it be introducing iPads into the classroom or adopting BYOD policies. From the school’s perspective, the focus of technology use must always be directed towards the ultimate end goal: better student learning. In an increasingly crowded market, improved student outcomes is key to keeping schools competitive. When used correctly in the classroom, digital tools and technologies can facilitate international students in their thinking, creating, researching, communicating and collaborating skills. Make digital literacy training your top PD goal this year So, what does this all mean for aspiring as well as current international educators looking to gain a competitive edge? The research highlights shortage of teachers with relevant digital literacy training. With this skills gap comes an opportunity for job-seeking teachers to set themselves apart on their international teaching job application. International teachers who can respond effectively to this opportunity are set to be very much in demand at schools globally. As an international educator, it’s up to you to be at the forefront of teaching with digital technologies, supporting digital literacy in your classroom so your students can continue to thrive in the global digital community.